Aims: To implement and evaluate eight sessions of group drumming for two groups of young female Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs) engaged in a rehabilitation programme in Mumbai, India. Objectives: To monitor changes in the groups participating in drumming sessions in observed relaxation/stress, confidence/motivation, attention/concentration and group cohesiveness.

Method: A specially designed group drumming programme was devised. Pre- and post-programme interviews, observation checklists and drumming experience feedback forms were developed and used to collect data. Detailed observer's and facilitator's diaries were maintained for each session. Rehabilitation staff feedback was also taken on the last session.

Results: Progressive and positive changes were observed on the group level for the parameters of relaxation/stress, confidence/motivation, attention/concentration and group cohesiveness.

Conclusions: Group drumming using various participative musical elements as a part of the rehabilitation programme can be applied while working with individuals and groups by creating a platform for expression and exchange during the rehabilitation process for the participants as well as social workers, psychologists, sociologists and anthropologists. Further research and practice through a combination of group drumming with approaches to group therapy can add to the existing body of research in this area.

To implement and evaluate eight sessions of group drumming for two groups of young female Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs) engaged in a rehabilitation programme in Mumbai, India. Objectives: To monitor changes in the groups participating in drumming sessions in observed relaxation/stress, confidence/motivation, attention/concentration and group cohesiveness.